Question

Read the text and complete the sentences.
Children in Vectorian times
Victoria was the Queen of England, from 1837 to 1901. During early Victorian times, poor children "worked from the age of five to feed themselves and their families. These jobs weren’t easy and were often dangerous.
MANY CHILDREN worked as chimney sweeps because they were small and thin. They climbed up narrow chimneys to clean them. Street children or orphans usually did this job.
A LOT OF CHILDREN also worked in cotton factories. When the cotton threads broke, children went into the machines to fix them. This was very dangerous.
OTHER CHILDREN worked in coal mines. They pushed trucks of coal or they opened and closed doors to let air through tunnels.
THE MASTERS were often cruel. Children worked long hours for very low wages. A lot of children had health problems and accidents.
LORD SHAFTESBURY helped to stop adults from using young children at work. He started free schools for poor children. By the end ofVictorian times all children went to school until the age of 10.

Answer 1

1 Children’s work in cotton factories was dangerous (Работа детей на хлопковых фабриках была опасной)
2 Chimney sweeps had to be very small and thin children (Трубочисты должны были быть очень маленькими и худыми детьми)
3 Children in mines pushed trucks of coal. (Дети в шахтах толкали грузовики с углем).
4 Masters made children work long hours. (Мастера заставляли детей работать долгие часы)
5 Lord Shaftesbury started free schools for. (Лорд Шафтесбури запустил бесплатные школы).

b) Объясните слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом.
Ответ
chimney sweeps (трубочисты): people who clean chimneys (люди, которые чистят трубы)
orphans (сироты): children who don’t have parents (дети, у которых нет родителей)
cotton factories (хлопковые фабрики): places where cotton is used to make material (места, где хлопок используется для того, чтобы из него получать материал)
cotton threads (хлопковые нитки): long thin strings of (длинные тонкие нити)
cotton fix (фиксировать хлопок): to repair (восстанавливать)
trucks (грузовики): vehicle on wheels used to transport heavy things (автомобиль на колесах, используемый для перевозки тяжелых вещей)
coal (уголь):a hard black material used as fuel (твердый черный материал, используемый в качестве топлива)
tunnels (туннель): long narrow passages under the ground (длинные узкие проходы под землей)
Masters (n): owners or bosses (владельцы или начальники)
cruel (жестокий): mean and hurtful (грубый и вредный)
adults (взрослые): people over the age of 18 (люди, которым больше 18 лет)